Automobiles are a type of vehicle that is propelled by an internal combustion engine, most commonly fueled by gasoline. They are the most widespread and versatile of modern technologies, affecting almost every aspect of society and industry.
They are a complex technical system with thousands of component parts and subsystems designed to perform specific functions. They include a chassis and body, wheels, suspension, steering, brakes, transmission, and electric motors.
Their design depends to a large extent on their intended use, which ranges from rugged off-road products with little passenger comfort and high-speed handling to efficient, inexpensive, and easy-to-use transportation systems for the general public. Moreover, their systems must be designed to meet safety regulations and other requirements.
A car’s suspension is the system that absorbs shock and vibrations from the road surface, keeping it stable and allowing for steering. The automobile’s wheels are supported by a system of springs, bushings, and other components. Some cars have independent front suspension, which improves handling and reduces braking effort.
Most vehicles are front-wheel drive, but rear-wheel drive is available. Rear-wheel drive is more fuel-efficient but can be less responsive to the driver’s input, making it less comfortable for passengers.
In addition, the front and rear of a vehicle have different weight distributions. The front is heavier than the rear, which increases ground clearance and makes it easier to maneuver in traffic.
The design of a modern automobile reflects many changes in its technology over the past century, including the use of mass production techniques. These innovations allow manufacturers to make vehicles more affordable for people in a variety of economic classes. They also make it possible for carmakers to offer new designs more frequently, thus reducing costs and increasing competition.